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Auto Accidents
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ABOUT WHIPLASH
Whiplash is the most common injury sequelae following motor vehicle
accidents. Speeds of as little as 5 mph have been documented to result
in whiplash injuries. And although whiplash is prevalent in today's
society with hundreds of studies on the topic, it is not yet fully
understood.
What is whiplash?
The term "whiplash" was coined by Dr. Harold Crowe back in 1928. It is used to refer to:
the hyperextension/hyperflexion injury of the neck, and
the resulting symptoms of this injury - sustained from a motor vehicle accident.
This forwards-flexion and/or backwards-extension of the neck
essentially results in a soft tissue sprain/strain injury to the
structures within the cervical and upper thoracic spinal regions. When
the initial impact occurs and the head is forced in either excessive
flexion or excessive extension, protective reflexes cause the muscles
of the neck to forcefully contract which "whips" the head back in the
opposite direction. The resulting injury often leads to numerous
symptoms, many of which are confusing and poorly understood.
What symptoms are associated with whiplash?
Symptoms following a "whiplash" accident include:
neck pain, tenderness, achiness and stiffness
cervical muscle spasms
tenderness and nodules in superficial cervical musculature
cervical reduced range of motion
post-traumatic headaches (including migraine and muscle-tension headaches)
shoulder and interscapular pain
hand and finger pain, numbness and tingling
blurred vision
difficulty swallowing/feeling of lump in throat
dizziness and balance problems
lightheadedness
post-traumatic depression and cognitive problems
What structures are damaged in whiplash injuries?
Whiplash injuries can damage just a few structures or many, depending
on the severity of the accident and direction of the injurious forces,
to name a few.
Some of the more common pain-sensitive structures that are damaged include:
outer layers of the intervertebral discs
intervertebral ligaments
capsule of the facet joints
anterior longitudinal ligament (runs down the front of the vertebral bodies-prevents excessive extension)
posterior longitudinal ligament (runs down the back of the vertebral bodies-prevents excessive flexion)
nerve root dura
extensor spinal musculature
flexor spinal musculature: the colli and scalene muscles
Damage to any of these structures results in tissue inflammation,
tissue edema, microscopic hemorrhage, and the release of noxious
chemicals such as histamine, prostaglandins, substance P, and kinins
which further hypersensitize already painful and injured tissues.
How is whiplash treated?
The most important aspect of a successful treatment program involves
active patient participation and patient compliance to the agreed upon
program. When treatments focus solely on pain-relief and not tissue
rehabilitation or when patients fail to comply with the prescribed
treatment plan, the chronicity of problems becomes highly likely.
The chiropractic approach to treating whiplash injuries is highly
successful compared with other health care professionals because
chiropractors focus on rehabilitating the injured tissues and restoring
optimal function. This is reflected in the high patient satisfaction
scores that chiropractors have received in "patient satisfaction
surveys" performed on MVA patients.
Chiropractic care is a safe, natural, noninvasive, and addresses the
cause of the symptoms. Our treatments also include active patient
participation, and in some cases, lifestyle modifications. While we do
focus on eliminating pain early on, we realize that in addition to pain
- optimal tissue healing, restoration of normal function, and
prevention of future recurrences and reinjuries - are equally important.
Our treatments are highlighted by our use of many gentle and highly
effective spinal adjustive techniques. When used properly, these
techniques allow us to safely and effectively reduce pain levels,
reduce muscles spasms, eliminate inflammation, restore normal joint
motion and biomechanics, prevent or minimize degenerative processes,
and minimize the likelihood of future recurrences.
We also incorporate many natural and safe adjunctive therapies into our
treatment plan to further assist in the healing process. Some common
adjunctive therapies include ice therapy, heat therapy, physical
therapies like therapeutic ultrasound and muscle stimulation, spinal
traction, soft tissue mobilization, spinal exercises and stretches, and
nutritional supplementation.
How long do whiplash treatments take?
As with any other injury, there are a number of factors which influence the treatment length of whiplash injuries:
the severity of the injury
when treatment was initiated
patient compliance to the treatment plan
the nature of the accident
the size and speed of your vehicle and other vehicles involved
whether or not seat belts were worn
whether you were aware of the impending accident
the height of the head rest
the age of the individual
the size and strength of the cervical musculature
the presence of preexisting spinal conditions
The easiest and most effective way of eliminating pain and preventing
residual and chronic problems is to start care immediately following
the accident. As you allow time to slip by without seeking appropriate
treatment, your injuries become more permanent and far more difficult
to manage.
Will I have future problems from my whiplash injury?
Numerous studies show that many whiplash victims have a relatively poor
outcome without immediate and appropriate treatment. One such study
found that 75% of patients with whiplash still suffer from symptoms 6
months after the accident. Experts agree that individuals with any
degree of neck complaints following a motor vehicle accident
dramatically improve their prognosis if they seek immediate evaluation
and appropriate treatment within hours of the accident.
Interesting whiplash statistics.
whiplash symptoms last more than 6 months in 75% of patients
symptoms of whiplash commonly do not appear until weeks or months after the accident
whiplash victims lose an average of 8 weeks of work
whiplash is 5 times more common in women than in men
whiplash occurs most commonly in those aged 30 to 50 years
rear-end collisions typically cause more cervical spine damage than do frontal or side collisions
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